Internal-combustion engine.



J. E. GOGHRAN.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION'ENGINB. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, 1910.

Patented July 14, 1914.

TinrT s'raTns ra'rnnT FFTQE.

JOSEPH E. COCHRAN, 0F ELKHART,

INDIANA, ASSIG-NQR TO STUART W'. COCI-IBAN AND JOSEPH T. COCHRAN, BOTH OF FLEET-TART, INDIANA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July Me, 193%.

Application filed June 6, 1910. Serial No. 565,176.

M invention relates more particularly to the two-cycle type of engine, and the improvements have more especial reference to means for facilitating the introduction of the charge or gas, and the outlet of the burnt gases or exhaust, and the invention has for its primary object to provide an improved engine of this type which shall have efficient means for enabling the incoming charge of fresh gas or air to entirely clean out the burnt gases without entailing any material waste of the fresh charge.

A further object of the invention is to provide simple means whereby the lubricant will be prevented from escaping from the cylinder with the exhaust.

ll *ith a view to the attainment of these ends and the accomplishment of other objects which will hereinafter appear, the invention consists in the features of novelty which will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the said drawings Figure 1 is a vertical. sectional view of an engine embodying this invention, the section being taken on the line l1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan section on the line 22 of Fig. 4:-

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 8-3 of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4c is a similar section on the line l-4 of Fig. 2.

1 is a cylinder of the engine, which is mounted upon the usual base 2, which in engines of this type is ordinarily closed and receives therein the charge or gas preparatory to its compression and introduction into the upper end or explosion space of the cylinder. In engines of this type the charge is usually drawn into the base by the rising motion of compressed partially in the base as the piston descends, the piston being connected to a crank shaft not necessary to illustrate by means of a connecting rod or pitman a. When the piston descends, it forces the gas or charge out of the base 2 and into the upper Or inner end of the cylinder 1 through the piston 3, and is' l l i 1 l I l l one or more inlet ports indicated at 5. In this example of the invention, four of these inlet ports are employed, disposed at equal distances around the cylinder 1. These ports 5 are connected to the crank cham ber 2 by means of passages 6, or by any other suitable connection, but these passages are preferably cast integrally with the cylinder.

The object of multiplying the intake ports 1 5 is obviously to provide the maximum port area. It 1s quite apparent, however, that while a single port equal in size to the sum of these four ports might give sufficient port opening, it would not only be of obj'ectionable vertical extent or dimension lengthwise of the travelof the piston, but being located entirely upon one side of the cylinder, would cool that side more rapidly than the other side, and thus subject the cylinder to unequal expansion and contraction. These intake ports 5 in this example of the invention are controlled by the piston 3, which serves as a valve therefor in the usual way, acting to uncover the ports and allow the charge to enter the explosion space of the engine when the piston descends to a certain point, and to close the ports as the piston ascends in the act of compressing a charge in the explosion space. The upper or inner end of the piston is provided with an annular shield 7, whose outer sides are curved away from the four ports 5, so as to intercept the incoming streams of fresh gas and cause the same to rise approximately directly upward along the sides of the cylinder. Within the head of the piston 3 is formed a cup-shaped cavity 8, which is surrounded by this annular flange or shield 7, and extending outwardly or radiating from the bottom of this cavity or chamber 8 are a plurality of exhaust passages 9 (four being employed in this example of the invention) which extend through the periphery of the piston 3, and when the piston descends to a certain point, they register with a corresponding number of exhaust ports 11 formed through the wall of the cylinder, and, if desired, the cylinder is provided with a surrounding manifold chamber 12 with which the exhaust ports communicate and from which manifold leads an exhaust pipe passage 13. These exhaust ports 11 in the cylinder may be so positioned in the length of the travel of the piston, if desired, that they will regthe cylinder, when they will be deflected inwardly toward the axis of the cylinder and descend into the cup 8, thereby carrying down with them the remaining smoke and waste gases, and forcing these gases out through the ports or passages 9. By this arrangement it will be seen that ample inlet is provided at points equi-distance apart around the cylinder, and at the same time the incoming gas is prevented from blowing directly through the exhaust ports, but is caused to rise upwardly in the cylinder and crowd the burnt gases out through the hollow piston. It is also seen thatby this construction of piston with exhaust ports or passages radiating therefrom, and these passages being spaced equal distances apart, the objection of unequal heating and expansion and contraction of the piston will be avoided. Another important advantageis that, the cavity 8 being removed from the periphery ofthe piston and surrounded by shield 7 the lubricant cannot be driven down the walls of the cylinder and into the exhaust port. Consequently, the smoky exhaust common to two-cycle engines is avoided.

I WVhat I claim is: I

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet ports disposed at intervals around its circumference, an exhaust port, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder and adapted to cover said ports and having a central cavity presented upwardly to the explosion space of the engine and through which the exhaust gases are discharged, an annular shield upstanding beyond the end of the forming with the wall of the cylinder an annularly continuous gradual upwardly enlarging space for directing the incoming gas from the inlet ports inwardly toward the head of the cylinder, said piston having a lateral passage leading through the side of the piston and adapted to register with said exhaust port.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having intake ports disposed at intervals around its circumference, and an exhaust port, and a piston reciprocating in the cylinder to cover and uncover said ports, the piston having a cup or cavity in its upper end, an annular piston and and a lateral passage leading outwardly from said cup or cavity and adapted to register with said exhaust port, said exhaust port and intake ports being at different points in the line of travel of the piston.

In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder having a plurality of intake ports disposed at intervals around its circumference and a plurality. of exhaust portsdisposed at intervals around its'circumference, and a piston reciprocating in the cylinder to cover and uncover said ports, said piston having an annular shield, on its upper end spaced from the wall of the cylinder and provided with a curved face .to' form an upwardly enlarging passage for communication with said intake ports,

the piston also having a cavity or depression within said shield, and a plurality of lateral exhaust passages leading outwardlytherefrom through the periphery of the piston for communication with said exhaust ports.

4:. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderhaving an intake port and also having exhaust ports, which latter are disposed equal distances apart around the circumference thereof, and a piston reciprocating in the cylinder-t0 cover and uncover said ports, said piston having a plurality of exhaust passages radiating through the periphery thereof for communicating with said exhaust ports, the inner ends of said passages having communication with the explosion space through the upper end of the piston and a shield carried by the end. of the piston and surrounding the inner ends of said passages and curved to form a gradual upward enlarging space between the shield and the cylinder wall.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a working piston adapted to reciprocate therein and provided with an openingext'ending through its inner end for establishing a fluid passage between the interior of the cylinder and exhaust, and a shield or ridge on the inner end of the piston surrounding said opening and being removed from the wall of the cylinder and forming a gradual upwardly enlarging space between such wall andsaid opening.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, on this 27th day of May A. D. 1910. i

JOSEPH E. COCHRAN.

Witnesses MARIE SCOTT, ROBERTA STAHR.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. G. H i V I 

